English Teaching in the sense of innovation of students

First, to strengthen the desire of students to actively participate in
Students in classroom learning activities are mainly two situations: one is to enable students to teachers to do what students a passive learning; the other is under the guidance of students in teacher use of existing knowledge and experience, and actively take the initiative to explore new knowledge学习. Students to learn English is a conscious action, the need for inspiring and motivating them to study the internal dynamics to achieve the purpose of learning. The internal dynamics which arise from learning needs. Only when students have to learn English the needs and aspirations, in order to meet the needs and aspirations of this, there will be an incentive and to promote their own mental strength to learn English, and actively participate in learning activities.
Therefore, in teaching the following points should be adopted to develop the students awareness of innovation:
1, the creation of contexts, to stimulate interest.
In teaching, only to enable students to actively participate in learning activities to enhance the independence of student learning, motivation, autonomy and creativity, such as the main body of quality, the promotion of students motivated to learn, they must make their own learning needs of students Therefore, a new class in the import, creation of problem situation, to stimulate interest in learning, resulting in cognitive, and mind in a state of imbalance, resulting in lack of a sense and knowledge of the heart, and strive to achieve psychological balance. So as to introduce students to "feel - interest - self-study" of the learning process. Therefore, in teaching an effective way to keep the design of context, not only in the import phase of new courses, but also in the whole process of teaching so that students have "outcry, another" sense, since the since the end of active participation in learning activities.
2, to be successful, incentive evaluation.
Suhomlinski said: "In the depths of the human mind, have a deep-rooted needs, is to feel that he is a discoverer, researchers, explorers, and in the spiritual world of children, this particularly strong need. "teachers should enable students to see, feel, touch things they did not know them before there is doubt, let the students their knowledge of warehouse inventory to be reviewed, and can solve the problems faced by the knowledge behind Thinking out of the integrated, teachers at the same time give the necessary memory to guide, to enable students to acquire knowledge in thinking, in the mastery of knowledge found in their own ability to think. Create conditions to enable students to face new problems; On this basis, the students asked the exchange between teachers and students from each other, the difference between the achievement of development, in order to jointly improve. To achieve this, teachers should conduct in-depth understanding of the actual students, expected students to learn the various and will be reflected in the difficulties encountered by students to provide appropriate levels of information are involved in the issue. Participation collaborative multi-sensory learning activities, is the most basic and most important learning methods. "Students with a high incentive to study emotions and thinking of the truth in front of shocked" to learn in the consciousness of students in their own strength and feel, to experience the joy of creation, human wisdom and the will of a great and hungry proud. For example, the first-year students enter the classroom, to teach them first of all, we should learn to "listen." Teachers in teaching students on the one hand, provide a "listening" to "understand" the language of interest arising from the students; On the other hand, is not inaccurate machine to train our students to "listen", "listen to money," "listen to the understand ", often made of" who heard the school again. " To listen to tips and to check their results. In addition, according to the characteristics of primary and secondary school students thinking, intuitive image ready teaching aids, teachers to demonstrate, explain, the organic integration of questions to guide students to "listen", "look," "would," "said."
Evaluation of the role play. Evaluation, not only to evaluate the understanding of knowledge is correct, more self-confidence is selected to produce incentive effects, so that students are also involved in more active learning activities. Teaching was found that successful attempts to generate self-motivation, but not everyone is successful. Not been for the successful, teachers must not simply be criticized and blamed. Primary and secondary school students curious, attention easily dispersed, they have shown in learning often interested in "cool", will not last long. Therefore, when students show some initial interest in learning, teachers should seize the opportunity to help students to achieve success starting from the interest. This will enable students to have a sense of the joy of success, it will edge into a driving force for students to explore new ground again and again. Often this teaching so that students get to play a potential intelligence and wisdom, so that they realize that the fun of learning English, but also makes the mood of this music school lasting and profound.
Second, in order to develop self-motivation of students
1, the development of language learning ability
Students to develop language skills, first of all English classroom teaching activities require the design should not be teaching as a knowledge-point goals, and should be replaced by "language skills development" as a target. For example, invite students to call the guests, free gifts, such as layout of the scene show some words to the feelings of sporadic, but there is no systematic study that we are worried whether the students will complete these requirements. However, due to the creation of the relevant context, in the end a good majority of students can understand and use the flexibility of the dialogue. Teaching methods such as organic and integrated not only the content and the expansion of the contents of the text, and design teaching and learning activities so there is one big advantage - that is, through the language needs can be effectively studied previous knowledge of the language and the lesson language knowledge, as well as the expansion of knowledge together so that students use the integrated language abilities to-earth manner.
2, study the development of thinking ability
Language is the material of the shell of thinking, language is a tool for thinking, language ability and the development of thinking ability are complementary to each other, leaving the language to talk about the development of thinking ability is the development of wood rafter for fish, non-verbal or verbal minds more , little minds to learn English, the language ability can not be greatly improved. Therefore, it is necessary to thinking ability and language ability to combine machine. Specific implementation methods are:
(1) pay attention to the expression from the received
English language teaching in primary schools should be based on verbal communication as the central truth has been as mentioned earlier, of course, in the process of verbal communication is the establishment of customs on the basis of listening to learners in the speech of teachers to listen to information or reading materials to expand the language information to try to express. If a long time not only to express, will it affect the results, which have a direct impact on the ability of verbal communication. Therefore, we think that some teachers of students in organizing their own time to listen to the expansion of the material students will not speak to the practice of practice is open to question. Of course, in practice we can adopt a flexible approach in a variety of words to practice, such as listening to songs, you can allow students to sing their own songs or adaptation; listening to the story so that students can be grouped according to role-playing story; or to be a student communication topic of interest to both the dialogue so that students or groups of both dialogue.
(2) pay attention to the creation of imitation
Mimic for the importance of language learning is no doubt, imitate not only by repeating "communication to" the language of the initial perception of the knowledge required for language, methods, and enables learners to capture native English-speaking people to use English感觉. However, if only at the level of imitation, it can only be a "parrot" can not achieve the purpose of communication. To communicative language teaching as the center should focus on the relocation of students to use the development of language skills, students focus on the creative use of language, imitation is the realization of a way to create. Typically, the language of movement is gradually taking shape with the creation of the first to mimic a similar context, and then to the need for communication according to context - the relocation and creation. To encourage students to creatively use the language at the same time, it is necessary to allow students to make mistakes, to enable students to dare to learn, say, only in this way will it be possible to do their own initiative.
Third, to enhance the ability of students to actively participate in
Teaching can be effective, the key is teaching us is one of the few people to participate in activities for all students to participate in or is in the same level of participation, passive participation and active participation. Our teaching, we must overcome Mantang teachers, the students are nice, a small number of students, the majority of students陪客when the dump, like the introduction of students to actively participate in learning activities. For teachers, we believe that students should be boldly去弄issued to enable students to complete the task. Third grade students are just beginning to learn English, can also be arranged to encourage them to go short in English, although the beginning for the not so good, or even holding a lot of Chinese school. At this time can be between classes and classes to achieve "the sharing of resources."
Teachers should be good at stimulating the curiosity of students, evaluation of incentive to give, to enable students to love learning; to be good at free hand to create conditions for students to participate in learning activities, students are given their own initiative so that students can learn; should pay attention to the infiltration of English way of thinking, culture Active learning ability to acquire knowledge so that students learn. Love science, to study, learn, it can promote greater confidence in the students, be more motivated to learn. English language teaching, we should be a noble sentiment, the charm of language, creative work, innovation and raise awareness of students to develop students ability to think creatively, to improve innovation measurement of students, thereby creating a creative talent, given the completion of a new era in English Teaching mission.
As an English teacher should try teaching theory as an advanced teaching theory, because it is the product of a new era, the need is real, it is the development of creative thinking of students and cultivate a new generation of socialist effective way. For students to always keep learning exciting, pleasant and eager to progress the state of mind, which the students play the main character, the spirit of innovation and exploration plays an important role in the training.

Mathematics Teaching students the ability to innovate

Mainly in primary schools is to train students in the formation of the initial ability to innovate, but also pay attention to students thinking of a number of good quality, in the lower grades I think the most important first of all, the idea of widening the students, thereby promoting innovation capabilities.
I practice the following combination of mathematics teaching during the creative ability of students to talk about the research.
First, create an atmosphere to stimulate creative thinking
Emotional psychology shows that: innovation needs a certain amount of knowledge, skills-based, but the feelings of students thinking activities can not be ignored. Have a happy, relaxed mood and a good positive relationship between teachers and students, to create awareness and incentives, in this emotional state, thinking of students to maximize active, easy to induce creative thinking, resulting in novel insights and give full play to the creative talent.
First of all teachers in teaching to "love" of students, teaching to the use of friendly language, such as "Who will help him, speak well, it is true that great" and other emotional language to mobilize and establish mutual respect teachers and students love the atmosphere of the main harmonic; Secondly, it is necessary to stimulate innovation and the motivation of students to guide the students to guess, give students some opportunity to think about, more space, more like the wrong expression; to allow students the freedom to think boldly said that the positive question, even if the students in the classroom made a mistake and lack of discipline, and do not一棍子打死, it is necessary to guide the attention of tolerance. Such as cylindrical in the teaching area of the side, I first of all for students to try the operation: "The students do move to the hands of a cylindrical straight start, take a look at what has become the graphics?" I then go on patrol, found that most students books in accordance with the method of a straight line along the cylinder started to be a parallelogram. Several of these students, I loudly in class in recognition of their courage to their innovative spirit, while encouraging positive steps to develop the whole class, bold innovation. Voice faded, a student stood up and said: "The teachers, of how I started it a square?" At this time, the thinking of students is very lively, active discussion, have a show of hands, the learning activities to another a climax. Finally, the sides of the same coin: the side columns are equivalent to the bottom perimeter of the area high. Throughout the teaching process, students relaxed and lively atmosphere, the main strong interest in the development of the innovation, the innovation for the future road paved.
Therefore, teaching in the classroom, from time to time for students to create an atmosphere conducive to learning is very important. To allow students from different points of view to observe to think to solve the problem. In response to questions raised by students when the teacher's attitude to harmony, to use words from the heart to encourage and praise them. Let the students in a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere of open ideas and activated thinking, learning to innovation.
Second, to break the routine, encouraging innovation
Teachers should foster "the spirit of innovation at the core" of the concept of access to knowledge is more important to establish the point of view, and guide, to encourage students to unconventional, dare to hold different views, to develop their thinking and more sexual, push-contracting of. In teaching materials should not rigidly adhere to a flexible use of teaching materials, guide students to start from a different side of the association, to develop the students thinking, inspiring them to explore a wide range of answers to be proactive in the development of students. For example: in teaching, "the bottom of the" one post, there is to consolidate "the meaning of the countdown" of the Exercises: × ()
= () × = × () = 1.这道题class I slightly altered to remove the last equal sign to make it into a: × () = () × = × (). This change will have numerous这道题the right answer. The subject appeared, the students first of all based on "the meaning of the countdown" to fill in the blank, so that the plot every two factors are equal to 1. When most students think that when you're done, some students still holding hands, they can not wait to say: "teacher, I have to fill in brackets for each 0." "Teacher, I let the plot of each factor equal to 2 . "" teachers, he said no, because the 2 ÷, we have not learn it, so I do not know a few brackets should be filled? "" I know that a few should be filled because × () = () × = × () = 1, and then change the basis of a factor, another factor to expand 2-fold, so to fill in brackets: × () = () × = × (). "At this moment, the students are extremely active in thinking, learning surpass the enthusiasm of a a, "I want their product equal to 1.5." "Let them equal to the number of plot can be." ... ... a small change, not only to consolidate the students of "the meaning of the countdown," the understanding of this new knowledge, but also important thing is to inspire the students to use conversion, migration, mathematical methods, flexibility in use of the innovative ability to learn.
Third, students play the main role in stimulating innovation capability
On the idea of modern education that the "development of students" and in teaching students to really wake up the main body of consciousness, teachers should be transferred to the students to go above that to give full play the main role of students to enable students to actively and positively with the knowledge acquisition process, only the students motivated to learn, and to make teaching the letter, in order to develop creative thinking. Education "formula for calculating the volume of cuboid", I first of all, the students issued a four centimeters long, 3 cm wide, 2 centimeters high rectangular hollow to enable students to do with a small cube of one cubic centimeters to measure the number of such rectangular the size of units, which measured the volume of the cuboid. Found in the observation, the majority of students with a small cube and then covered with a layer of the second layer Shop,and then there are a few out of the number 24, and each unit volume is 1 cubic centimeters, so the volume of the cuboid is 24 cubic centimeters. Have the students put a particularly fast, he said: "I just put the cuboid length, width, height" and then you can calculate the number, the 4 × 3 × 2 = 24 (months), or rectangular size is 24 cubic cm. At this moment, the content of new courses have been closer, I commended the students a timely manner, and then exciting language to encourage students to discover the number of not a few will be able to find the easy way to size. Students actively thinking, all well, through serious discussion, come to know as long as the cuboid of length, width, height, we can derive the size of the method, a smooth draw: the volume of cuboid - length × width × height. Students to re-inspire the relationship between cube and cuboid cube size up the discussion method, and derived formula for calculating the size of cube. Students themselves as a result of formula is derived and, therefore, have to a good solid understanding also played a main role of students played a creativity in our students.
Fourth,students to cultivate the spirit of innovation
As the saying goes: "Learning from the thinking, the suspected source. Often that thinking can be used; often thinking, often in order to explore the new. There is no question, there is no answer. A good question to answer than the more valuable a good . to lead students to question, to help students clear up doubts, it is the development of creative thinking of students in an important way.
1. To allow students the courage to challenge
In teaching in the classroom, teachers should be good at eyes with warm, subtle movements, the attitude of amiable, enthusiastic praise, To meet the needs of students to speak, to encourage students to challenge boldly. Question of students do not demand perfection, even if it is "ridiculous", but also be sure that the protection of their enthusiasm, as far as possible found; wrong for students to give honest and helpful, can not be reprimanded.
2. To allow students to question
Each student has the ability of creative thinking, teachers in teaching students to continue to inspire difference, so that studentsbook, the non-conventional, alternative shortcut to answer questions. Teaching to encourage students will be a problem for any "dead end", or different views can be queried from the trial in question, from concept to understand and grasp the challenge, the challenge of exploring a wide range of solutions. For example: in teaching, "the meaning of scores," the guide students on keywords. "Why unit'1 'of'1' to add the word in quotation marks?" And so on. So that students have raised many questions, and then guide them to discuss what fair question, which is not the focus of the content and materials, and gradually guide the students questioned.
3. To allow students to clear up doubts
Is a means to question, is the purpose of dispelling doubts. The challenge faced by students, teachers should not rush to answer. Issue to the students can discuss the role of teachers organizing guide, draw the correct conclusions would have a more profound effect. For example: learning to change the law, when the students themselves up with "In the division, the dividend and divisor by multiplying or dividing at the same time the same number (except 0), are unchanged," the teacher requested the students to read carefully the In conclusion, ask students: "What you do not know of it?" a student said: "What is at the same time? What does that mean the same?" At this time, teachers should say: "This is what we have to study today one of the issues , who can answer this question it? "teachers, that will certainly ask the students, but also aroused the enthusiasm of students to explore class, it can be said to" kill two birds with one. "
V. happy to allow students of innovation
As we all know, everyone has the requirements of self-expression, and particularly in primary and secondary school students. Psychologists study pointed out: "As long as a person to experience the joy of a successful and happy, it will inspire many times the desire for success and confidence." Teachers in teaching to give students an opportunity to show off more and more space to enhance the confidence of its creation. For example, in the application of the teaching in question, in order to enable students to correctly analyze the relationship between the quantity and improve problem-solving ability and improve logical thinking, accuracy, depth and flexibility, can be combined with teaching content and reasoning to carry out competitions Topics . Please everyone in his class, students recorded scores of a title on the application of the tape, so that they free to play, create, students who speak比一比accurate, there is nothing new, after teachers and students of the common council, selected the winners and the winning were rewarded. Novelty of this event unique and full of fun, to enable students to experience the joy of participation, interest in thinking, to create joy.

How active and effective memory word

How active and effective memory word

First, phonological memory
Phonological memory is in accordance with the laws of word pronunciation of specific words to memory can be divided into the following categories:
1.1, foreign language. Many Chinese from the English word itself, so this kind of approximate English pronunciation of the word, we will remember as long as the basis for pronunciation. Such as: sofa (Sofa), pudding (pudding), caffee (coffee), curry (curry) and so on.
1.2, letter combinations. Some letters in English to form a certain combination of sounds, such as: sh-fat / ∫ /; tion fa / ∫ әn / and so on, as long as we grasp the law of the links between them, the correct pronunciation, memory, word on the much more convenient.
1.3, homonymy. English pronunciation of some of the same word. Form and meaning but different words, usually a little note to help remember the word. Such as: / rait / - write (write), right (on); / beis / - base (foundation), bass (低音部) and so on.
1.4, the sound varies with the shape. It is like the sound of different words or different accents, different meaning for associative memory. Such as: live--/liv / (survival), / laiv / (live, live).
1.5, open syllables and closed syllables. In English there are many repeaters as long as closed-syllable word plus suffix-e can be transformed into another open-syllable words. Such as: bat (bat); bate (reduced); plan (plan), plane (aircraft); bit (a little), bite (bites); cut (cutting), cute (smart, beautiful) and so on.
1.6, homonym. The use of the word pronunciation of homophonic word memory, a lively, interesting, and easy to remember. Such as: umbrella (because they can not) umbrella,俺们not come; spiderman Spider-Man who is a failure.
Second, the term shape memory
Term memory is a form of words based on word shape changes to the memory word. Mainly in the following categories:
2.1, affixes. Known as the root of our words in front of or behind the prefix or suffix added. Prefix usually changes the meaning of words, and suffixes change the part of speech and the meaning of words. Such as: tell v. (talk) - retell v. (repeat); known adj. (Unknown) - unknown adj. (Unknown) war n. (war) - prewar n. (pre-war); way n. ( the road) - subway n. (MTR) care n. (Note that care) - careful adj. careful carefully adv. (carefully) treat v. (treatment) - treatment n. (treatment); health n. (Health) -healthy adj. (health)
2.2, Synthesis. There are many English words can be combined into one word, synthesis can be divided into synthetic and some totally synthetic.
2.2.1, fully synthetic. That is, from two or more words as a whole constitute matchgirl (The Little Match Girl), sleep-walk (sleepwalking), face-to-face (face-to-face), commander-in-chief (commander-in-chief).
2.2.2, some synthetic. Two words from a word in the first half of the second half with another combination of words. Such as: motor + hotel-motel (motel); television + broadcast - telecast (broadcast TV); smoke + fog - smog (smoke); breakfast + lunch - brunch (long lunch).
Sometimes, it also uses the two words in the same location to form part of a word, such as: International Police - Interpol (International Police); American Indian-Amerind (American Indian).
2.3, changes in the letter. That is, before and after a word in the increase or decrease in a letter. Such as: Long (long) - along (along); ward (ward) - award (grant); war (war) - warm (warm); pit (pit, hole) - pity (mercy).
2.4, replace the letters. A word is about a letter in the alphabet replaced by another. Such as: rice (rice, rice) - rise (up); work (work) - word (word); dip (dip) - kip (1000 lbs) - lip (lip) - tip (tip) - zip (up / open ... ... the zipper).
2.5, visualization. That is, the structure of a word as an object to memory. If the word eye as the middle pair of eyes with a nose so easily forgotten.
Third, semantic memory
Memory is in accordance with the word meaning the same or different meanings to memory, the specific can be divided into the following categories:
3.l, with, near-synonym. In accordance with the classification of synonyms and near-synonym to the memory of words, such as: beautiful, beautiful beautiful - pretty - fair - handsome; wages, compensation pay - salary - wage; doctor doctor - physician - surgeon; hope, hope that wish - hope -- expect - want.
But these words in memory, it is necessary to understand the difference between the use of in order to avoid improper use.
3.2, antonyms. That is, a combination of words and their antonyms memory. If the optimistic (optimistic)-pessimistic (pessimistic); maximum (the largest)-minimum (minimum); strong (strong)-weak (weak).
3.3, the same word. Contain the same word that is the nature of things or actions made in the word - from memory. Such as: clothing: clothes, coat, dress, shirt, blouse, skirt, sweater, jacket, uniform, gown, trousers and so on. Stationery: stationery, pen, pencil, ball-pen, pencil-box, ruler, eraser, in, inkpot, sharpener, compass, etc.. Cooking; cook, boil, fry, bake, braise, smoke, roast, simmer, stew and so on.
Fourth, the word root and the Department of memory
Multi-syllable word in English, the most by the increase in root prefix, suffix or root plus root plus suffix consisting of the former. A word, when combined with an affix, its meaning or to change part of speech, but "万变不离其宗", the sum of its original meaning associated. For example, the audible root is audio, said "listen" means, able adjective suffix is said that if they put together is the "hear and be heard" means. Another example is the word Inaudible know as long as the negative prefix in has said that the meaning of the word meaning it is not hard to guess. If we can master the English common root, then the mind will always be in mind the words of a master of several high efficiency. A simple word such as act, together with the root of its derivative there: actor, actress, active, action, actively, activate, activity, acting, activism, activist, actual, actuality, actualize, actually, actuate, actuation, react , reaction, reactive, inaction, such as no less than 20 to 20 a good thing in mind, I am afraid, is an independent mind and the law can not. Therefore, the master root words and affixes is to increase the volume of the most effective way. "The word-line" is the classification of the Institute will be stuffing the memory word, so that efficiency will improve a lot. For example, the word to see the job, they should immediately think of your career to learn the name of: journalist, artist, worker, farmer, teacher, doctor, visitor ... similar to the language of textbooks in primary schools "classified literacy," and combined with the above "root law" also can be drawn,-ist,-er,-or such affixes have said that "a person engaged in an occupation" of the justice.
V. Associative Memory
Many people complain that the word difficult to remember because some words貌合神离, pay attention to will be a little confused, is a head there are two large. However, "Lenovo law" is precisely this disadvantage into advantage. Shaped almost word homophones, synonyms, antonyms can become the object of your association. For example, the word when you expect to see when to ask yourself, which shaped the last term of the expert, except, near-synonym anticipate, hope, not despair Antonyms can think of. If yes, then you from the "Lenovo law" not be far behind. "Lenovo's Law" There is another use, such as a person when you learn English in a room alone, it is necessary to expand the vocabulary to do so: First of all, look at the environment in which what are some, such as the room walls, doors and windows, radios. Look at the radio is on the table or on the kitchen cabinets? We should try everything in English to express, to find that these terms in English to learn English not only applied to a number of people with high levels of English are also applicable, because not everything will be able to present things in English to express out. The second step we can try to live with these terms, think about what this is what to make of, what purpose, and then in English to those described in such terms will be used more of. Take the radio, the radio has pointer, a frequency, there is knob, a switch and so on, through these terms and can be further associated with these terms of adjectives, such as the shape knob is what colors, how rough guide , how long, what color, there are also in accordance with this idea of switching to expand vocabulary, and further consider the role of these switches: some can control the volume, and some to search for radio stations, expanding on such terms to describe by the term and then by the adjective to the verb, a small radio on a number of words needed to express. If out of the room, beyond the scope of the expression of a wider. For example, traffic, street conditions, pedestrian movements and so on. In addition, a wide range of equipment can be used to expand vocabulary; open the TV, turn off the volume completely, to use their own imagination, to imagine the image of the screen is doing, what they are, is young or the elderly, it is smart or stupid, the use of these questions are answered in English. Can not find a pictorial or magazines, try to use English to describe the image content, can also open their own album, to see a photo after the recall, this is the case what kind of photos, pictures What are the people, what they are doing in this what they have done before, as they finished with what has been done, and so on can try to describe in English. In short, when something in English to describe things that a person, a thing you can ask ourselves a series of issues, specifically the five W: who (what), when (what time), where (what location), what (what), why (why).
6, Sentence memory
When you remember that after a word, we should try to use it to create a sentence. It not only can help you consolidate the word, but also can link words and grammar, kill two birds with one, but also to dry add a touch of bright memory word. Another way is to ask you to have some foundation in English, which is based on context to determine meaning. Context is the context of a narrow sense is the vocabulary, phrases, sentences or paragraphs in which language environment before and after. The broad sense also includes the words of the time, place, surrounded by things as well as to speak and listen to the communication between the various ways the situation is self-evident. With context, the same can be speculated that some of the meanings of words. For example, in "She is deaf, that is, she can't hear anything." In the can "that is" to the deaf that meaning, "that is" is a word that some words of an important symbol. Again, in "The harbor is protected by a jetty - a wall built out into the water.", The dash behind the content of the semantic interpretation of the jetty, a dash that word meaning is a useful symbol. In addition, the use of comparable methods of writing the article, the context can be compared to that of the meaning of certain words. In this way, you can also understand some of the words.
Finally, remember this word in the students, the teachers should be repeated for an instant memory. Educational psychology who study "theory traces" the conclusions said: "Those who have been through make sure that you remember all the things in the brain tissue left traces in one form or another." Memory traces stored in the brain in three cases: an instant memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. The moment a short period of time and memory storage, but memory plays a major role in the process. On this basis, as long as little as inspired and Lenovo will be able to arouse memories into long-term memory, the hardship of this, teaching a new word, the first clear memory of indicators of students, for example, when teaching a new word, require students to one or two minutes of familiar words in mind, and then dictation, can also be Answer a question by the way, or by individual teachers read the word, students oral spelling, or English teachers say the meaning of the word, the students read the word was born, on the contrary, the teacher read the word, Chinese students talk about the meaning of a form of training. Students in order to achieve the requirements of fast memory, attention is bound to high concentration of stuffing the memory is read carefully, can be a strong desire to improve the memory efficiency of memory. Only some of the students began to meet the requirement, after a period of training, each student can be basically completed in accordance with the requirements, even poor students, the effect of the moment is also very good memory. Such training, an increase of unit time to accept the amount of information to enhance the memory effect.
VII, summed up
Memory words each person is different from the method, as long as it is a good method to suit their own. But generally speaking, a single memory of English at the same time it should be noted the following points: 1, anti-greed for more, and faster. Mouthful of rice to eat, to a word - a place in mind, they should learn the old with new, step-by-step, the consolidation of the old words, expanding vocabulary. 2, sentence with the word habitat combination. From the statement and the context, the word would be no life, so remember word for word and note the method is not desirable. The best way is to word the context of everyday life combined with the use of memory, so that only the word dynamic memory. 3, the scientific method, and enhance memory. Quickly forgotten after the first in accordance with the laws of slow, in order to enhance the memory of words, you must actively use bold practice, and continuously improve the rate of repetition of the word. Modern society has provided us with very good environment for the use of English, we should make full use of every opportunity to listen to say, look at English, so that words often appear in our mind, so naturally not easily be forgotten.

How to motivate students interest in learning English

The so-called interest: that is to create a happy, enjoyable and meet the emotional, learning or working people do not feel tired and fatigue easily. Interest can create an appropriate degree of tension to raise people's attention. Therefore, interest in learning English in primary and secondary school students have to meet the characteristics of age, to get them interested in English and in the interest of being met. Therefore the cultivation of interest can not be ignored. Therefore, in primary and secondary school students learning English, we, as primary school teachers to have to constantly stimulate their interest in learning English. So the teacher of each class designed to become a dull classroom teaching enjoyable fun. So that they learn the English language music, good science, learn, learning而忘me, never. University for three years through the practice of extra-curricular teaching and learning of English for primary and secondary school students interested in training, I have come to some experience.
Chapter to create a good language environment, and grasp the characteristics of primary school age to stimulate interest and curiosity of students.
Section I caused the need for students to learn a foreign language, stimulate students interest in learning foreign languages.
According to primary and secondary school students have a love that's childish爱闹, as well as their unscrupulous, dare say, good move, a strong desire to seek difference characteristics. We must grasp this opportunity to not only to the blind pursuit of classroom discipline and dampen their curiosity and thirst for knowledge. Class, teachers can make use of objects and pictures, and teachers简笔画body language and other forms imagination stimulate students. For example, when teaching I'm feeling happy. Make a very happy face; teaching sad when packed frown; bored when teaching to make it look so boring. Students through observation, speculation about the meaning of the teacher, and then require students to be able to see the other movements and facial expressions tell the meaning of words and phrases.
Section II to promote the training of students in a foreign language spoken
Leading heard, read and write to keep up with, it is necessary to further improve their foreign language learning, students must continue to improve foreign language listening and speaking ability. For example: Practice Do you like ... ...? Yes, I do. (No, I don't.) Sentence, the teacher can draw a zoo, there are a variety of animals. Allow students to imagine their hand in hand to visit the zoo, both a question-and-answer: Do you like the little panda? Yes, I do. Do you like the big bear? No, I don't. ... ... Or to a student small to act as reporters to interview the other students are like. At this time children are very happy with each other to do a small press, to understand the preferences of other students. Teachers should also be multi-angle ability to train students to imagine. In learning the names of animals, you can record the voice of small animals down to allow students to imitate the voices of animals and the like to school. For example, cat, cat, meow meow meow; dog, dog, barking Wang, ... ... In this way, students will be great interest, and some put on a monkey, and some disguised dog ... ... the word is hard to change in the student population was fluent, and so boring the students to remember words quickly.
Chapter students scientific methods of thinking to enable students to experience the joy of thinking
Einstein said: "Teachers should learn to adapt to the requirements of students, to develop their thinking so that they take a keen interest in high spirits to explore the mysteries of nature." How to touch the emotions of students, mobility of students interest, to enable students to take part in activities, happy to learn? Teachers in the classroom teaching of the use of heuristic teaching methods, to stimulate students interest in learning and encourage them to actively participate in the activities of various foreign language practice, students should try to think, thought, will be thinking, students good habits of thinking and thinking quality , to develop their independent thinking and problem-solving abilities. Students to acquire knowledge rather than machines, to avoid满堂灌, when the medium of instruction do not have to tell all the answers, it is necessary to actively participate in teaching and learning activities of students so that students and teachers thinking of thinking ability and performance ability.
As students of English have a strong interest in learning, and truly enjoy the joy of success. This has stimulated further efforts to study them. "Interest" and "fun" added co-yun, and promote each other to form a virtuous circle has been made effectively.
Chapter III to carry out a variety of oral activities
Psychologists believe that a foreign language: the language activities in a foreign language, oral language ability, including verbal skills and verbal ability of two factors. So afraid to listen to students, said the psychological fear, and lack of appropriate language learning environment. Teachers should be specially set up in the classroom a variety of oral activities.
Section I focus on the stage, the steady development of spoken language
Must be a certain stage in their development of skills suited to the requirements of the means of training students through the oral skills, the progressive development of spoken language ability of students. Primary and secondary school students are characterized by memory, and imitation ability, through various means they will soon have some skills, ability to express the formation of students, the teacher's input is also a corresponding increase in difficulty. Evaluation alone, the use of other than Very good expression (such as: Well said / done / written! Marvelous! Excellent!, Etc.). No doubt the effect will be even better. In all aspects of teaching, I give students enough opportunities to use our existing ability to communicative foreign language classroom into the big stage. For example, some students will be the beginning of English, may be affected by self-driven show, there oral communication in English and not dare to say, good and not good to say ambivalence.
Section II, the creation of environment and atmosphere to create a specific practice heard
Teaching, I take full advantage five minutes before class, with free speech (Free talk) and other forms of oral communication the implementation of life. The general focus of each activity to a specific topic or scenario, for example: The weather, to introduce friends, family and so on. Students can also Duty report; Say me, Say you and other topics, say the people and events around the school, as well as the daily lives of families. 1, oral pre-arranged training courses, such as singing songs in English, read a short poem in English, listening to tapes, etc. to enable students to prepare for the transition to a new lesson. 2, sentence pattern organization students. The content of such activities is to learn the basic sentence patterns, so that each student has the opportunity to participate. This will help review the consolidation of the knowledge learned can be spoken so as to allow students the opportunity to exercise. 3, Qiao-based classroom game or small game. On completion of the new content of the text, the appropriate design of the small number of clever new topic to the form of games or matches to mobilize students to review the consolidation of new knowledge and enthusiasm. These oral activities, occupancy time, while small, so that students in a relaxed atmosphere with the opportunity to hear. Students not only improved verbal and listening, but also to stimulate students interest in learning and enthusiasm.
Chapter IV of the full study materials, careful preparation, in the increased interest in teaching.
Teachers for learning materials and content processing, generally由易到难gradually in depth, taking into account the students to stimulate interest in learning a certain extent, so that students will always be in a positive state of thinking, so that their interest in gradual escalation. Followed by increased interest in teaching, the diversity of teaching methods so that students will also help to maintain interest. Language materials presented before the teachers for students to find a way to create new and credible scenarios, which attract students attention, and then by the transition to the textbook scenarios shown in the scene at the same time, the use of reasonable physical, pictures, wall charts, Jane Stroke, live sound recording, multimedia courseware, so that the scene to show a more intuitive and rich taste. For example, when a professor in the text, teachers can be downloaded from the Internet to read and write in English listening and speaking materials, the use of self-made courseware for teaching, through sound, light, the perfect combination of power, with a vivid image of the true picture, beautiful and moving language and music, to enrich the imagination of students and stimulate interest and curiosity of students, and enhance the memory effect of the students in order to achieve teaching objectives to achieve the purpose of teaching. At the same time, high-quality multimedia-aided teaching in class, class demonstration of the "performance", the official move to the classroom teaching. English class, efficient and harmonious atmosphere for the creation of teaching students to play a greater subjectivity so that students in active participation in the mouth and brain to enhance interest in learning. Students to learn English --- the ultimate goal of communicative English ability in the modern English classroom can be a manifestation of cultural background knowledge is a deeper penetration. Advocated by the new curriculum standards task-based teaching methods, students can enhance the enthusiasm of learning English. Study materials for teachers to fully and seriously preparing lessons, teaching in English classes to increase the fun. This will help to textbook knowledge rigid so that students are tired, boring!
For example, teaching "Do you like baozi?" The content, we will be able to use the physical display, software to support teaching approaches to enable students to make use of live food commonly found in practice, very good to stimulate students interest.
Chapter V of the art of teaching teachers
Teachers and students lies in the interaction between primary and secondary school students to stimulate and foster the learning fun. Taste education teachers are the key to success. Therefore, teachers must have solid basic skills of professional, skilled and flexible master control materials. Has a strong aesthetic taste, language quality and organizational skills. Done with an import and use of various forms of media, the artistic creation of the English atmosphere. And for these we must do the following.
Section I Enhancing basic skills to improve classroom teaching art
In English teaching, a solid foundation of basic skills like trees, tall buildings of brick, is essential. As English teachers, must have a respectable amiable and dynamic image of the classroom; smooth sweet language classroom; neat appearance of the writing on the blackboard; in good faith also includes incentives for approval; and点拨, guidance, organizations. These are the arts to enhance classroom teaching basic skills. In particular the Classroom English. Because the English language as a tool of the special requirements of its subjects. Teachers such as smooth and coherent spoken to classroom teaching, will enable students to learn actively treated, is the starting point for a series of virtuous circle.
Only when we have a solid basic skills in order to manage the classroom, students manage to harness their own in order to form their own unique teaching style, to make their teaching and infection due to the rich artistic students, attract students, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of teaching.
Section II to study textbooks, teaching materials inherent artistic excavation.
In the teaching process, we should make full use of the inherent artistry of teaching materials, so that music and rhythm of penetration which, with the combination. Practice has proved that: the use of songs and nursery rhymes, in addition to increase students interest in learning, consolidation and expansion of vocabulary, but also to help students study voice, tone, and enhance a sense of rhythm and language. This requires that we teachers, we must study materials, according to the actual situation, I have written children's songs and the Beta, so that communication between English and art.
2A in the Oxford English teaching materials, there has been "There be" sentence. According to the actual materials, we could quote the nursery rhyme "In a dark, dark wood", and inspire students sequel.
In a dark, dark wood there's a dark, dark house.
In a dark, dark house there's a dark, dark cupboard.
In a dark, dark, cupboard there's a dark, dark shelf.
On the dark, dark shelf there is a dark, dark box.
And in the dark, dark box there's a ... ...
Students reading through the nursery, creation, both the training of the sentence, has played an imaginative, but also to expand the vocabulary.
Section III to establish a good relationship between teachers and students to enhance the artistic emotion.
Primary emphasis on emotional factors, teachers, the emotional effect on students in their learning has a direct impact. Therefore, how to create a harmonious teacher-student relationship is to improve the teaching of English art of another.
As a teacher, the students must respect the wishes, feelings, to establish a good relationship between the exchanges, the formation of emotional harmony, and the atmosphere was appropriate learning environment. Students temporarily tolerate small errors, in order to alleviate the psychological burden of students so that they feel happy and confident.
I teach two classes, the majority of students are very enthusiastic to learn, to speak well, emotional high. Classroom teaching it is easy and pleasant. For example: there is an English class, teaching is to master how many sentences, as well as the phrase count the chocolates / give them out ... in order to enable students to have awareness of emotional, I prepared a bag full of chocolate. Students learn, while taste, the corner, quickly learned the knowledge class. Immediately after that, I also asked them to press a certain string of scenarios for dialogue, essay, students imagine the rich, bold participation, after class is also excited. They looked at the reflection of a warm, my passion higher, and more injections. At that moment, the emotion in harmony with each other and integrate into a new experience.
Section IV of the use of various forms of media, the artistic creation of the English atmosphere.
Teaching in the day-to-day, we have to make flexible use of various media, such as pictures, objects, slide projectors, video, VCD, courseware and other means to fully mobilize the students to a variety of senses, from different angles to the feelings of English; we must strive to creation of equality, harmony, an atmosphere of exchange, in the relaxed atmosphere of the feelings of English; clever detail that we can explore a variety of media: the establishment of English Box (Post box), students learn to solve problems in. Radio broadcasting in English (English broadcasting), launched by the students to write radio version of the scale of the expansion of education to enable students to the last lens and a bright phase, enhancing the atmosphere of learning foreign languages. Can also open up the world of English (English corner), to allow students to freely talk about, learn from each other. These are the arts to create the atmosphere of English well-established channels.
So that English language teaching and art work is the pursuit of my teaching. More than four points, is my understanding of shallow. I firmly believe that we all work together. "Education and the arts together," allow "Tao" flowers will be blooming brilliant shine.
Chapter VI established a new type of teacher-student relationship
Section I: training teachers and students of the feelings, to strengthen communication between students and teachers to enable students to actively participate in the teaching process.
First of all, we should be clear that English is different from other disciplines, in the course of English language teaching lies in the process of student participation. In other words the feelings of teachers and students in training to enhance communication between teachers and students, the elimination of primary school students a sense of timid teachers, student teachers have to avoid hostility, it is particularly important. Co-operation does not require teachers to educate itself, not the means to enforce - rebuke, humiliation, and so on to the parents complain to force students to obey the will of teachers. Compulsory education, it is easy to hurt the child's self-confidence, self-esteem in children of teachers or even the fear of resentment, but also easy to stifle interest in learning for children. Cooperation means that teachers and students in terms of personality is completely equal. The concept of the past is: "You will not learn, I'll teach you to learn; you do not want to learn, I learn from you to force." Now the idea is: "You will not learn, I'll teach you to learn; you do not want to learn I am learning to attract you. "" attractive ", that is," so that children enjoy learning, so that they are willing to work to the teachers and children to participate in joint activities to teaching. "So This requires us to set aside the teachers, and students pay friends, care for and encourage them, give them the learning method, the classroom can also use the opportunity to use the truth of their probation, teachers and students to achieve the degree of understanding, so that students and teachers will actively cooperate with, and achieved effectively. Such as primary school teaching Birthday song when. Class parents to have a birthday, the students are very pleased that he used the first English song that expressed his deep love of the mother, but also to himself and his mother held the child for a birthday Party, this class the atmosphere is very active, with students actively involved in teaching, very good.
Section II: To establish a harmonious atmosphere in the classroom, so that "love" as a good relationship between teachers and students of the link.
Practice in the teaching process, we rely on the classroom if the concern is far from sufficient. To really solve a problem of learning attitude, but also a lot of extra-curricular work. Harmony refers to the emotional ties between teachers and students, love is one of the core elements. Teachers love the needs of the students devoted considerable enthusiasm, attention to its various aspects, for students with learning difficulties, especially. Love is the teaching of teachers and students of the existence of "I" and "you" the relationship turned into a "we" relationship. Love so that teachers and students have made the interdependence of spiritual communication, share the joy, share the frustration of trouble. Harmonious teacher-student relationship is to promote a strong driving force for students. Therefore, we English teachers are caring, trust, compassion, respect, it is particularly important. In peacetime and students can chat, some of the psychological understanding of the idea of students and needs some time to give them care and help to make each and every student of English language development to a "music school" mentality. In order to achieve the best effect of teacher-student cooperation.
In short, primary and secondary school students to foster interest in learning English for the purpose of teaching and learning activities in English, only to adapt to the characteristics of primary school age, the use of flexible and diverse teaching methods, the use of different teaching methods, can easily between primary and secondary school students in cultivating interest in learning English. Therefore the cultivation of interest can not be ignored. Therefore, as a primary school English teachers to teach languages on the one hand, primary and secondary school students to equip them with knowledge and skills, on the other hand, more attention should be paid to train and maintain primary and secondary school students of English interest in this subject, to obtain a multiplier effect. Only thus can we really learn English!

To stimulate their motivation to learn

To stimulate their motivation to learn

Chapter I Introduction
Section I Introduction
If a learner's learning objective of learning a foreign language reflects his value because of a foreign language, such as a foreign language can help themselves in their work, there are more development, then this is the tool-type motive motive. Learning a foreign language if he is to the culture of that society to know more about, or to integrate into the cultural groups, as if the group is to become a member of a future, this type into the motive is the motive. But now a growing number of English learners to focus on tool-based motivation. We want to stimulate students learning motivation, so that English learners have a correct motivation.
Section II the definition of motivation to learn and function
The so-called learning motivation (motivation to learn), refers to the direct promotion of the activities of a person's internal motivation to learn. Includes knowledge of their values, interest in learning, learning ability, achievements attributable to the four face.
The function of motivation:
Excitation functions of individual motivation to learn can have a stimulating learning behavior. Here, learning motivation is caused by the driving force for a certain learning behavior, learning behavior of the action used to play before.
Point function, learning motivation of individual learning behavior can point to a specific target. Here, the motivation is to guide the conduct of a study of indicators of learning behavior plays a leading role.
Regulatory function, motivation to learn to adjust the intensity of individual learning behavior, time and direction. Here, some kind of motivation to learn to adjust the controller acts, acts on learning to play the role of regulation and control.
Motivation to learn the theory of Section III
Driving force that
Driving force, said the view that organisms in order to reduce the status of a drive to reduce an unpleasant feeling aroused or aroused, it will in some way to make a specific response. For example, food deprivation can lead to very hungry animals to move back and forth in a cage or run everywhere. Then, experiments can be aroused by awareness of these animals for a solution. Like walking on a maze, control latch, and "discovered" a variety of know-how in order to be able to obtain food. Strengthen the food here as a stimulus to reduce the pain of hunger, that is, to reduce an unpleasant drive state or aroused state. According to these studies, the researchers believe that the drive to reduce the occurrence of the main reasons.
Strengthening of
Psychologists believe that the acquisition of behavior caused by the same motives, not any different, are available to explain enhanced. Why people act a certain inclination? SR psychologists in accordance with the modern point of view, entirely dependent on the previous result of such acts and to stimulate and strengthen the established strong links. If the students to learn and be strengthened (for example, good performance, teachers and parents praise, etc.), they will have a stronger motivation to learn; If students have not been enhanced (for example, did not get good grades or praise), on the lack of the role of motivation to learn; if the students were punished (such as students or teachers were ridiculed), will have the motivation to avoid learning. Studies have shown that the criticism and praise of teachers will affect the performance of students
On the hierarchy of needs
Maslow stressed the motive in the interpretation of the role of need. He believes that all acts are meaningful, has its own specific goals, such goals from our needs. Different people have different needs and these needs will be factors such as time changes, which is why two different people in different contexts will produce different behavior, the same person at different times produce different behavior in reasons. Need to influence the way people's behavior and direction.
Cognitive dissonance theory
Festinger (L. A. Festinger) theory of cognitive dissonance to explain this is the case: When a person is convinced of the values or beliefs are contradictory to the belief in psychological or behavioral challenges, we will experience a tension or discomfort. In order to address this discomfort, he can change their behavior or beliefs, or to find a solution to this contradiction of reason or excuse.
Self-efficacy theory
Self-efficacy refers to people's own ability to successfully conduct a subjective judgments achievements. The concept is first proposed by Bandura, in the 80's, self-efficacy theory has been enriched and developed, has been a great deal of empirical research support.
Achievement motivation theory
Achievement motivation can be traced back to the 30s at the end of the 20th century, Murray (H. A. Murry, 1938) in his identification of the needs of those who had been raised in the concept, he needs the definition of success to "overcome obstacles put in order to make a good solution to a problem as soon as possible. " 40-50 In the early,麦克勒伦(D.C.McClel-land) and Atkinson (J. W. Atkinson), who accepted the concept of Murray, and the concept changed to "with a better standard of competition concerns on the success. "
Attribution theory
In a variety of influential theories of motivation, attribution theory can be seen as the best response to the views of one faction of cognitive theory, its guiding principles and basic assumptions are: the search for understanding is the basic motive behavior. Students try to explain the reasons for the incident, they tried to help them find the success or failure of capacity, effort, attitude, knowledge, luck, help, interest and other reasons. Practical Application of the current draw on a greater significance is that Weiner's view, he said: ability, effort, task difficulty and luck is in the interpretation of perceived success or failure of the four main reasons; and the four main divided into control points, stability, controllability. Control point in accordance with the dimension, the reasons can be divided into internal and external. According to the stability dimension, the reasons can be divided into stable and unstable. According to the dimension of controllability, can be divided into controllable causes and non-controllable.
Section IV to stimulate their motivation to learn the general principles to be followed
American psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed the theory of self-realization of Humanistic Psychology ---- the main theories of motivation. Of this theory point out that people have the desire to self-realization, but they have a lot of worries and anxieties of these factors is likely to become students to learn and the main obstacle to self-realization. Thus in the teaching process, teachers lack motivation to learn this part of the study should be full of self-esteem, so that they feel love and a sense of belonging and help them understand the need for English language learning, raise their awareness of the value of English language learning, the real aware of the English language and communication tools in the future of work, study and life status of an indispensable, learning enough to identify the crux of success, to improve their learning of English for a look and confidence to solve the problem, access to progress.
The teaching process is over, we have only changed the students "to me" to "I would like to study" in order to truly inspire the enthusiasm of students, students learning English will take the initiative to seek ways and means. Therefore, to stimulate their motivation to learn the process to adhere to in order to stimulate internal motivation mainly to give full play to the initiative of students, correct their attitude towards learning, and as a supplement to the mobilization of external motivation, be the correct guidance, the only way to receive the effectively.
Each and every student from a different family environment, this is not the same as the background of life, but also do not have the same life experiences and personality characteristics, and thus to stimulate learning in the training and motivation should be a student for each of the different circumstances treated differently, the right remedy, and must not be engaged in across the board. Paranoia through a solution to all problems, is certainly will not work.
Each of us have such an experience, for something of interest to them, learning efficiency is particularly high, but not easy to forget. Therefore, we must cultivate in the classroom teaching of positive emotional attitude. First of all, using a variety of methods to stimulate their motivation to learn. There are foreign language learning motivation, learning outcomes, and no foreign language learning motivation, learning often becomes a burden, poor learning outcomes. Therefore, teachers in English teaching in a variety of teaching should be adopted to stimulate their motivation to learn. Such as ways to meet the needs of small game love to play the nature of Chinese characters. Guess it seems to adopt to meet their participation, so that they learn music, so that they learn the English language has always maintained a keen interest. Second, using visual teaching methods and changing exercises stimulate students interest in law. If the two drills, small games, quiz, singing and other activities, stimulate students to produce the effect of interest. Some simple sentence patterns can be arranged to prepare students to continue classes, so that they, the teachers give appropriate help, so that students are highly active, very dedicated, a lot of students scheduled to be racing with the teacher lectures. In short, in English teaching and training of primary concern to the positive emotional attitude is conducive to strengthening the effectiveness of student learning, enhance their self-confidence to learn English and develop their sense of cooperation, so that highly effective teaching.
Section V of the classification of learning motivation
According to the internal and external dimensions of learning motivation can be divided into internal motivation and external motivation
Internal motivation is the people's interest in learning caused by their own motives, motives of the event to meet. Not activities, it does not need external incentives to punish in order to make up to the target, because the action itself is a driving force. For students like mathematics, he would listen carefully in class, study hard the next lesson. In contrast, external motivation is that people motivated by external learning activities is not satisfied with, and in the activities, then people are not interested in learning itself, but the results of learning interest. If students are to be rewarded, to avoid punishment, such as to please the teacher. Internal motivation and external motivation to the students whether they continue to acquire knowledge. With the internal motivation of students in learning activities can be met, they actively participate in the learning process, and before the teacher to assess the academic performance of their knowledge, they have a curiosity, like the challenges, in addressing the issue of independence . The students have external motivation to achieve the purpose of the event, learning motivation will be reduced. On the other hand, in order to achieve this goal, they often fail to take to avoid the practice, or did not choose challenging tasks, or failure, it devastated.
Act in accordance with the motives and objectives of the relationship between the distance division, motivation can be divided into close-range vision of motivation and motivation
Motives of the so-called vision (distant motivation), motivation refers to behavior associated with the long-term goal of a class of motives. Motives of the so-called close-range (proximal motivation), and short-term goal is the linking of a class of motives. For example, students in determining the elective courses, some consider the future path of social, set foot on the needs of the workplace, and some just consider it easier to pass the examination at the moment, their motivation is an optional class and close-range vision of the scope of sexual motivation.
Close-range vision of the motive and motivation have a relative, under certain conditions, the two can be transformed into each other. Decomposed into a number of long-term objectives for close-range goals, close-range goals should be subordinated to the long-term objectives, reflecting the long-term objectives. "Journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step", is a close-range vision of the motives and the motives of the dialectical relationship between vivid description.
Act in accordance with the motive of the wide range of learning motivation can be divided into general and special learning motivation learning motivation
Such a situation: a class of students of all learning activities have the motivation to learn, not only knowledge of all disciplines to study seriously, that is, on the skills and disciplines, and even extra-curricular activities, but also never slack; other students only certain (or certain kinds of) motivation to learn academic subjects in other disciplines are not the attention. Educational psychologists to study these two categories of students learning motivation boils down to two: the first type of learning motivation behind the act, which might be called the universal type of motivation (general motivation to learn); the second category of learning motivation behind the act, which might be called a special type of motivation (specific motivation to learn) (Bophy, 1987).
According to the significance of motivation, motivation can be divided into reasonable and unreasonable motive motive
The so-called rational motives (rational motivation), refers to the interests of the community with our line and is conducive to the healthy development of individual motivation, which includes the noble, correct and in a certain period of time, there are more positive factors of motivation. The so-called irrational motives (irrational motivation), it means that do not meet the interests of our society and individual motivation and healthy development, which includes the poor, erroneous and negative factors have more motivation.
Activities in accordance with the motive in the role of the position and size, can be divided into motivation to learn the dominant motive motive and auxiliary
The dominant role of the act known as the dominant motive of motives (dominative motivation); to play a supporting role acts as the motive for supporting the motive (assistant motivation). When the dominant motive and complementary pieces of the relationship between motives more or less the same, the activities of power will be strengthened; if another conflict, the activities of power will be weakened. In general, at the same time, in a students, the dominant motivation is only one, and supporting learning motivation may have more than one, and the motivation supporting the stability of the intensity and also will not be -- kind of.
Ausubel classification - cognitive drive, self-improvement drive drive and subsidiary
Ausubel said: "the general situation in the schools referred to as achievement motivation, at least three aspects should include the decision of the drive components that drive cognition (cognitive drive), the drive self-improvement (ego-enhancement drive) and the subsidiary drive (affiliative drive). "He believes that all students in the conduct of studies point to these three areas can be explained by the drive. Of course, as the children grew older, the three ingredients in the proportion of individuals who will have to change.
Section VI of the impact of learning motivation factors in the formation of
Explore the factors that motivated students to learn and will be beneficial to our students motivated to train and inspire in order to more effectively enable students to succeed in learning. The following two aspects we have to consider the impact on the formation of learning motivation factors - factors with students outside their own conditions.
Factors students themselves
1. Students structure their own needs and objectives
The goal of students is different from the objectives of the formation of different structures affect student motivation and learning. If the target is clear, medium difficulty, and can be reached in the near future, it will strengthen the students motivation and target of persistent tasks, which is due to the specific goals of the standards to judge the behavior, the goal of medium difficulty to provide a challenge to achieve the near future may not be interference by日常事物. In the classroom, there are two types of students are often the main objective - to capture the contents of the school for the mastery goal orientation and performance goal-oriented results. Students have a mastery goal, no matter how many mistakes they made or how much of the difficulties encountered and uphold his study, research, and they often challenge the initiative to seek to continuously improve. Their main concern is that by learning to master the content, and do not care who scores and class compared to others. The students have a performance goal, it will focus on their behavior and their evaluations of others. They evaluate their own learning behavior, rather than what to learn about their own or how much to pay their own efforts, but how others view them, their scores in the class location. Students often try to avoid such mistakes and avoid the challenge, did not dare take the risk, quit. Both types of students, and尼哥斯Miller (Nicholls & Miller) to the former as the learners to focus on the task (task-involved learners), the latter is referred to as the learner to focus on self (ego-involved learners) ( A. E. Woolfolk, 1995, P338). Point to two goals in the attribution and persistence also has different characteristics, to master the target point at the conclusion of activities with strong persistence, and performance goal to adhere to the less. In the attribution, the mastery goal will tend to point to the success attributed to learning, performance goal will tend to point to the success attributed to luck, ability and subject, and will fail due to task difficulty and luck. So, to master the targeting students with a tendency to attribute success with targeting foreign students tend to be attributed.
2. The characteristics of maturity and age
Performance in a variety of motives, we can see that young children for the social impact, parents are often too high to ignore the requirements of the. In accordance with Maslow's theory: a child too much attention to physical security, and a large children's social impact, such as teachers, parents care about the expectations. For example, just school children of primary school students will have the enviable position and appearance, and the teachers do not pay more attention to the eyes. With age, the role of social motives will only grow, as noted in the class status of the Institute gradually and so on with other students.
3. Student's personality characteristics and individual differences
Student's own interests, curiosity, will affect the quality of the formation of motivation. For example, exchanges of students in terms of a motive may be the key, the first, but some students may have to compete in the first, the prestige of being respected for their motive the motive of the first. To some extent, this reflects the characteristics of age, but also a reflection of individual differences. In addition, the successes and failures of different students also reflect the different role of individual differences. Some people become aggressive, and strive to obtain success, while others strive to avoid failure.
4. The level of student aspirations and values
Learning motivation and ideals are closely linked, and therefore, students of the life, world outlook and values are a direct reflection of the ideals or aspirations affect the level of motivation and goal structures. High ideals, strong motivation to learn.
5. The anxiety level of students
Anxiety refers to students can not worry about the successful completion of tasks arising from uncomfortable, tense feeling of concern. Anxiety level affects not only the motivation to learn, but also will affect the academic performance of students. A large number of surveys show that excessively high or low degree of anxiety tasks will have an adverse effect. Medium level of anxiety is useful for learning. As a result of mutual influence and learning motivation, anxiety would have an impact on student learning, so the impact of anxiety on the motivation is an issue worth exploring.
External conditions
1. Family environment and social media
Different social conditions, have different requirements for students. The formation of student motivation, family cultural background, mental outlook plays a very important role. If parents pay attention to education, the child is the right of the community have a positive public response to the phenomenon of error would be to resist, or will result in a paradoxical situation, the impact of student learning and healthy development of motivation. Many psychologists study abroad, "the attitude of parents on the impact of student achievement." Kyle Hull American psychologist and race (Pan Shu, 1980) on the two boys to college intends to conduct a survey and compared the two groups of students aimed at identifying the differences in learning motivation and attitudes associated with their parents . The results showed that the expectations of parents and children have a considerable impact. University of California at Los Angeles have a doctoral thesis of different cultural backgrounds, family impact academic performance of students to study in the United States, Mexico, the family, Chinese families and American families on the impact of student learning, results showed that the best Chinese influence, the United States views, the Mexican families in the worst affected.
2. The example of the role of teachers
Motivation is infectious. A large number of observation, investigation and research to prove: the motivation of teachers in the formation of student learning is a very strong factor. First of all, I am a student teacher motivation example. Rigorous scholarship, if the teachers themselves,学而不厌with great enthusiasm and interest in engaging in his professional and teaching, the students will leave a very deep impression on him. In contrast, if a teacher is to show his work tired and cold, this will also affect the mood of the students. The expectations of teachers to students will be motivated and have different effects on behavior: students of different teachers have different expectations of behavior and expectations of the results of these expectations as a result of the different teachers have different students of different treatment modalities, such the impact of different treatment modalities of the students self-concept, achievement motivation and the level of ambition. If this treatment continues, there will be fixed on the impact of students, high expectations of students have had a high level of motivation, and make unremitting efforts to achieve a high level of behavior, students with low expectations of the contrary. As time goes by, the students behavior and achievement and was getting closer and closer to expectations.
VII motivation for students to learn the impact of
Learning motivation and learning is a dialectical relationship, learning to produce motivated, and motivation to promote learning, the two are interrelated. Behavior can enhance motivation for learning, and knowledge learned in turn, can enhance motivation to learn. Incentive and motivation to learn is to study the guidelines of a learning need, and therefore, its students have a significant role in learning. A large number of educational practice and educational psychology experiments have shown that motivation is not only conducive to the promotion of learning activities and learning to stimulate students interest and enthusiasm, and it can maintain a certain level of wake-up, point to specific learning activities, and that are conducive to student achievement and learning efficiency. Therefore, teachers in their teaching process, attention to stimulate their motivation to learn, for learning has an important role in promoting.
Chapter II to stimulate their motivation to learn
Section I cultivate interest in learning, stimulate motivation to learn
The use of all the action reaction, triggered interest in
Grasp the characteristics of active primary and secondary school students, teaching the body parts of words, I allow students touched his head or someone else's head, face, nose, eyes, ears and so on that head. Gour face mg hose your eye and so on, and then teachers issued directives touch your head face nose eye, the students then do action, and competition among the group, it caused great interest in students, the whole atmosphere of the classroom to become active immediately, teachers instructions to speed up the tempo and then speed up the reaction of students students in action in the eyes, mouth, ears, hands and a variety of senses, the spirit of highly concentrated, rapid brain functioning, responsive, impressive.
The use of physical education, to stimulate interest in
Easy to spread the attention of students, learning capacity of consciousness and poor self-control, simply rote words, make them feel tired of boring, teaching new words, if the use of physical or pictures and so on, into the abstract terms specific things intuitive, students will be to attract attention, and then have a great interest, I wanted to learn, but also those who would like to remember the appropriate word, such as teaching, such as apple banana pear words, I allow students to bring their own apples, bananas , pear-kind, the students look after the urgent nature of these things would like to know how to say in English, and will remember the positive words, in addition to the physical, but also can use the pictures,简笔画, slide, slide, toys, etc. other visual aids, will also produce the same effects, intuitive teaching students with help direct the habit of thinking in English.
The use of games, songs and stability of interest
Stimulate the interest of students after the order to be able to make such a lasting interest in the consolidation continues, the small primary school age, attention should not focus on a longer period of time, in order to stabilize interest in learning, do the appropriate games, songs, tongue twister that back Beta, sing through the timely play, cultivate and maintain student interest in learning so that they can in a relaxed atmosphere to consolidate learning.
The use of electronic means to enhance interest in
The use of audio-visual means of teaching students who are timid particularly helpful, in the face of the microphone that they can not be silent, so have a good课前预习, after-school review is also good practice unknowingly also improve their English level, increased interest in learning English.
Language to create scenarios, the development of interest
Appropriate language to create scenes to make this language material into a living language, the rich flavor of life, although the primary and secondary school students have very limited knowledge of English, but they will be able to set up a positive performance environment, full training, simply to express their ideas, so that they "wanted me to study" into "I want to learn," the students raised the initiative to learn English to have a greater interest.
In short, the Primary English Teaching motivational training-oriented with a strong interest in the role, to enable students to take part, happy to compete, willing to learn for the future lay a solid foundation for learning.
Section II to optimize classroom teaching, to stimulate learning motivation
Classroom teaching is the central link of teaching is learning new knowledge, acquire skills, the main venue. The whole process of teaching every aspect, I have focused on high efficiency, with minimal input of teaching, teaching for the best effect. This must seek to enable students to actively participate in the study, in order to ensure that better meet the learning objectives. Practical work in teaching, in order to ensure that students wish to study music school, I pay attention to the students a sense of control: ① used around the teaching objectives, design objects, evaluation of the effectiveness of the three elements of classroom teaching to enhance student awareness of the heart, so that students in all Teaching tightly around the target in order to enhance the cohesion of classroom teaching, to seek "high low"; ② priority classroom instruction, ups and downs, so that students with emotional awareness classroom atmosphere and the ups and downs of the take-off and landing, in order to achieve " high-capacity, fast-paced, high-efficiency. " ③ reading awareness. English teaching to give students adequate "time" opportunity, from teachers, "Introduction" and默读, reading,齐读, the role of time in order to deepen their understanding of text dialogue and raise the level of the target. Classroom design, I used the "four series of" teaching method. The first loop: aim for a clear mandate; second ring: the implementation of goals, one by one standard; third ring: to deepen the target standard series; fourth ring: target detection, correction compensation. Teaching hours, with the most concise language, with a focus on the general does not directly tell the students "what", "why", but by performance, practice, for example, and so on, inspired by observation of students, control, analysis, comparison, from finding a method of thinking, the characteristics of the law. For example: when teaching now, I have to listen to students read. Demo I: I'm start doing / walking. Said, writing on the blackboard when the students understand, I let the students demonstrate action. I described She's reading ... ... students in the teachers understand the content of the presentation, I will summarize their own inspiration in there at the time of usage, the verb constitute a form of time adverbials such as commonly used, students are always actively involved in a state of good learning outcomes. Standards to deepen, I do not summarized directly to students, but changed for the discussion of teaching; subject design, to achieve a low starting point, density level, small slope, through discussion, students can complete the development of student intelligence, the initiative to enhance student learning so that the students in a tense and enjoyable learning atmosphere.
Section III study motivation
State of the United States南卡罗纳An associate professor of Converse College. White is a professional speaker, she has advocated the "smile with me" education reform activities. Practice in teaching, she summed up the feeling of a motive to stimulate students to learn the method.
Show you ignite the enthusiasm of the children are good at learning by nature curious and enthusiastic teachers should have the class, teachers should lead by example, passion and enthusiasm to learn, and students to share their interests and hobbies, and professions in their work and have demonstrated their commitment to and pride.
Involving parents in their children's education activities in the child's parents are the first teachers. Children with a strong thirst for knowledge came to this world, they want to learn more about themselves and the surrounding environment. The majority of parents to accompany their children learn to value the person sitting, crawling and the next opportunity. They always hold children's hands and encourage them to carry out difficult and trying, and to applaud their success and, when these children enter school, if parents can continue to help and support them, they will demonstrate a strong desire to learn . We should be in partnership with parents to seek their help, co-stimulate their enthusiasm and learning, if they see parents and others in his life have a major impact on his adult attach great importance to education, the children will be learning new life.
Make learning meaningful for young and old, regardless of age, the principle motive for the formation of each one of us, the students learn the need for a reason, which may be of interest to some extent, so that they. He should understand that the classroom learning and the links between their own goals, teachers need to determine the interest of students, in fostering the development of creative activities in the interest of students. If successful, will have a rib on enhancing self-esteem of students, among them the motivation to learn more knowledge.
Teaching skills in order to foster the diversification of students eager to learn, teachers must use with the students learning style and match the variety of teaching skills. When teaching skills adapt the volume of student learning styles, teachers will find the attitude of students to learn and learning to improve efficiency, improve academic performance and creativity. Teachers should provide on-site activities, the group plans, access to a computer and audio-visual information. Taught in some time is acceptable, but it will not be able to teach it as a major tool. Speaking a non-stop all day on weekends ongoing examination of the teachers, too boring! Teachers should also from time to time in the appreciation of the process of designing the details to attract new students. For example, invite a speaker to lecture; to outdoor school; writing on the blackboard with colored chalk; dressed as a famous ancient people and so on, a variety of teaching techniques and teaching materials can not only stimulate the enthusiasm of students and teachers can stimulate enthusiasm.
And feedback to provide a clear understanding of the effectiveness of knowledge is an important factor in the formation and motivation. Does not provide timely feedback, students are likely to lose interest in learning, the learning progress and to grasp the degree of feedback provided in a timely manner as possible. Feedback should be detailed to give the students how to improve the strength and recommendations, be sure to write reviews, not only marked a fraction. When a student has been referred to reviews and not just a fraction, the reaction of most students to be better.
Expressed concern about when you care about the students, they all know. They will also return those who care about him. For those frustrated because in the past and will be closed in their "I do not care" under the hard shell of the students, we may take quite a long time to see their efforts to varying degrees. However, when students feel you are ready to care for them and help them, they would be willing to take risks to try破茧而出.
To create a good learning atmosphere for students to deal with sincere, warm, compassionate, a good learning atmosphere should be maintained long-term. Security • White believes that the motives are good at stimulating students to learn the number of teachers should also have the following qualities: I hope that students become successful learners; to students with their ability to provide the learning materials; is a good manager; given a fair examination, assessment The scores of the full information; settings challenge and inspire students; help students realize that they have been strengthening our capacity is to enhance the degree of master.
Section IV stimulate students learning motivation measures
Update their concepts of education, the changing role of teachers
Americans Rogers psychologists believe that this doctrine: the awareness-raising activities were always accompanied by a certain degree of emotional factors, emotional factors when depressed or even denied, the person's self-development and creative potential is not realized, but only with real on respect for and understanding of individual students the attitude of the inner world in order to arouse the enthusiasm of students and enhance their self-confidence. Therefore, the training and to stimulate their motivation to learn, first of all is the concept of teacher education to update and change the role of a variety of ways to enhance the emotional exchanges between teachers and students, the use of vivid images are suitable for students at the level of psychological development and personality characteristics of education, initiative to establish a good relationship between teachers and students to stimulate a high level of intellectual curiosity of students, students in a timely manner to learn the purpose and significance of education.
About classroom teaching art
Training and to stimulate their motivation to learn English language learning in the process, and it mainly depends on the teaching content, teaching methods and teaching organizations. Therefore, in the teaching process, we have to make full use of rich materials interesting and lively novel, a moderate difficulty level and the logic of the characteristics of strong and strive to create a harmonious atmosphere for the teaching of democratic equality, the use of flexible and diverse heuristic teaching method of teaching vividly presented to enable students to practice in a variety of role play activities and have a pleasant emotional experience, to enable students to be more challenging and fun, and enhance the active learning and initiative.
The correct assessment and appropriate recognition and criticism
Attention and emotional communication and the exchange of students of the manner, time, occasion. Communication can be emotional for some of the whole, some individual communication needs. For example: an exceptionally strong self-esteem of some students, usually studying, often by the teacher's praise. If he sometimes made mistakes, do you face in front of the class to criticize him, he was not face-saving, self-esteem will be hurt, will be a very long time do not speak English. When the students have got the wrong answer, the other students teased him, teachers should put an immediate end to this phenomenon. Otherwise, some timid and lacking self-confidence of students even more afraid to speak openings.
Encourage more use of language, less criticism and more praise. To be good at discovering the advantages of students to understand the benefits of students, in good faith and praise. Been accepted for most agree that the psychological needs of students. You say to him, he would line; you said that he will not do, he would not.This principle is also in line with today's popular "Appreciation Education" theory. Once the children Praise the teacher in good faith, it will have a positive and progressive force, because the performance of the children want to have access to more praise, I hope to do better. Full and their behavior, thought the performance level of knowledge will be getting closer and closer to the expectations of teachers. In short, a teacher will not praise the students will not be welcome.
Make full use of learning feedback
Including learning outcomes for students to see themselves in the practical application of knowledge of results, to solve the issue is between right and wrong and good or bad performance and let the students know the results of their own learning, to see their own shortcomings and mistakes, there are further efforts to help stimulate students to learn the driving force, which need to be amended in accordance with the study plan to improve the study and measures to improve the learning enthusiasm, inspire self-motivated in order to achieve the objectives of the study, which also called for teachers to help students to develop specific learning objectives and each stage to achieve the effect of批改作业a timely manner, write reviews, targeted, stimulating and educational learning outcomes on the analysis with students so that students are most encouraging and challenging.
Timely to carry out appropriate learning competition
Competition to raise students self-esteem, sense of superiority, as well as ask other people to recognize the drive. Heart好胜motives and the demand for success will be more strong interest in learning and perseverance to overcome difficulties will be greatly enhanced. Therefore, learning to carry out timely appropriate competition is to develop and stimulate the enthusiasm of the students an effective means. But too much competition will not only lose the incentive, but also caused tension to increase the academic burden on students, to the detriment of physical and mental health of students. So the use of race to develop and be carried out to stimulate their motivation to learn must be careful when appropriate, make the necessary ideological and educational work, as far as possible to prevent the emergence of a negative effect.
Build a healthy campus culture
Campus culture refers to the main body of the school life in the school formed by the cohesion of the school has a unique look, the system of norms and the spirit of the atmosphere, such as schools. In order to enhance student motivation to learn English, we should look at schools and schools into the atmosphere of the English atmosphere. So that students everywhere can feel the importance of learning English. Europe's first modern school of the founder of modern Reddy said: "Schools should not be a result of an artificial place to do a book on media professionals, not even the same life." Carefully think about, and sometimes the lack of student motivation for learning English and interest, to a large extent also in English they can not feel the urgency of learning, nor a platform for the use of English. Although the Chinese political and economic of the fashionable and the rapid development of the tool is in English and demonstrate the growing importance, but they have not really reach out to kids is not feeling. Parents and teachers preaching alone is very pale and weak. Therefore, we can work hard in the campus culture so that students can think of and contacts at all times some English, so that they exert an imperceptible influence of rising from a desire to learn. We can post in English in the classroom手抄报, in the corridor on both sides of hanging posters, showing the students in the corridor works, English newspapers and so on. As Suhomlinski has pointed out: "Children often see around him all the forms for the mental outlook of great significance. Nothing here should be easily arranged." In addition, we also in the concept of cultural and institutional culture of the English language to provide a certain amount of concern, which is the formation of student motivation to learn and maintain is also most helpful.
Students the ability to self-study
Students have a strong motivation to learn, this is only a prerequisite for learning English, but because of the complexity of their own English language learning requires the learning of English must also cultivate the ability to self-study students so that students in secondary schools is limited to the classroom learning the basic language point, their after-school practice and application of giving top priority to do, week in English, English Corner and other activities to show their level of English language ability and enjoy the demeanor of the other students. After all, "delegate to the fish" as "award by fisheries."
Chapter summary
The above understanding, to stimulate learning motivation of learners is essential. Both the English learners, or English researchers, whether it is the strong motivation to learn or motivation is not clear who is ultimately motivated. Today, I have studied the motivation of students learning motivation, in order to bring students into a love of learning, and to have the purpose of the study, to better learning, learning more easily, be able to study and become a hobby, not learning to become a cumbersome, we have to stimulate motivation. For a do a certain thing, people, he exists to do this motive. Only the length of continuous different motives, the result will be different, we have completed in order to achieve the purpose of this matter, we must persevere. How to persevere and achieve success? It is time we need to stimulate our motives in doing things, and finally a success.